Accident Victim Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Accident Victim Interview - Essay Example The accident victim is one of the 112 workers on the site when the accident happened. The explosion occurred in the center of the refinery, a place where bagging took place. In this place, a network of conveyer belts and elevators fed the storage facilities with the complete work. The explosion came from sugar dust explosion. He onlookers and witnesses of this fateful night explosion reported seeing flames of fire rise as high as the height of the nearby story buildings. The workers present in the building were going about their duty when the explosion occurred. Sugar dust was the explosive substance as identified by OSHA, who came into the site of the accident after two hours. The explosion weakened the entire structure especially the packaging area, which was completely dismantled by the explosion. After putting out fire, sugar that had now melted in the silos remained alight and required specialized equipment to smolder it to recover some bodies still missing. The company was shor tly shut down as heavy fines from OSHA were placed on the company because of safety violations. In addition, the company incurred heavy insurance costs and other medical bills. The accident victim sustained fatal injuries on the legs because of stepping on the molten sugar as he ran away from the explosion sight. Luckily, he fell into the river and was able to swim his way out of the river and get help quickly. His legs had to be operated on, which means that he was hospitalized for three months. After leaving the hospital, he stayed on a wheel chair for six months before he could walk again. It was only after two years that he could find a new job to do as the former company closed down. OSHA circulated some regulations to make workers aware of the risk associated with working in sugar refineries to protect them from dust explosions. Although he works at the same capacity, this victim is a changed person. He understands the regulations

Case Study Gamestop Digital Firm Essay Example for Free

Case Study Gamestop Digital Firm Essay 1.  «GameStop » Digital Firm – Overview In my research I would like to point out gaming industry as a very profitable e-commerce sphere and as an example present a company named  «GameStop ».  «GameStop » was originally founded in 1984 in United States of America, as a small software retailer in Texas region. In 2009,  «GameStop » took a major step by initiating a digital growth strategy that incorporated a Nov. acquisition of Jolt Online Gaming, an Ireland-based publisher of free-to-play titles. In 2011, the company again carried out on its digital expansion strategy, obtaining streaming technology company â€Å"Spawn Labs† and digital sharing service â€Å"Impulse†. At the moment the company operates around 6,700 retail shops around the world and is commited to distribute great video games to customers, despite of how and where they play.  «GameStop » is ranked as one of the worlds largest multichannel game retailer. This organization offers consumers the most up to date hardware, game accessories for next generation video game systems and the PC. In addition, their buy, sell, trade politics creates value for customers while recycling products no longer being played. The motivation on why and to which extent the chosen firm is considered to be digitally operated is due to the fact, that  «GameStop » reported $290 million in sales from its â€Å"digital offerings,† which it said was up 61% year-over-year. That total, which includes sales of subscription cards for online video game services like Xbox Live, as well as PC downloads, still pales in contrast to the company’s general sales, which were around $9.47 billion. 2. Data stored in  «GameStop » database. CRUD model. Data that is stored in  «GameStop »s database contains following information: * Partners and contracts –gaming industry companies that sell their products throught the website * Projects – game concepts, ideas and future development. * Financial records – transactions between customers, partners etc. * Employee records – human resource information. * User/Buyer records – recordings of customers information, their transactions and searchings throughout the website. * Branch records – data about shops and servers that are located in other countries. The part that could be used to power a database enabled website of â€Å"GameStop† may contain following data: financial records, projects, partners and contracts, because through these data company is gaining most of its profit and opportunities for future development. Financial records, contracts and employee records are better to stay internal as they refer more to confidentiallity and most probably it is not needed to be shown on the website. On the Table 1, main users that have certain rights in â€Å"GameStop† are shown. It is necessary to point out the top management, it has all rights that could be engaged in the company’s database, in comparison with guest users, who has the right to read only. Employees have the right to create, read, update. IT technologists are provided with the same rights and gamers who a registered in the website are able to read and update information on the website of â€Å"GameStop†. 3. Two possible computer crimes affecting  «GameStop » digital company. Protection strategies. Two computer crimes could be identified affecting  «GameStop » company. The first and the most dangerous crime that could be pointed out is theft of identity. The second computer crime is Theft of Data. I would like to put emphasis on the fist computer crime – theft of identity. This crime could cause following security threats for the company, which is intrusion by hackers, phishing, spyware and social engineering. Hackers could intrude into the computer network of  «GameStop » and harm the content provided by the web site. Phishing is another threat that can occur; users might receive fake emails that seam to come from the company and try to capture private information about a specific account. Information about users might be secretly gathered while they are surfing the website, that would be a type of malware – spyware. Although the spyware does not specially suppose to to be dangerous for user, because cookies are used to remember infromation automatically by a brwoser and make it easier for customer to login into the website. Social engineering is a possible threat that is represented as shoulder surfing in this case. Someone can stand behind a user and secretly look at the password that he/she is typing. In order to protect its database,  «GameStop » various kinds of strategies and software: * Passwords – a strong 8 characters password that contains not only symbols, but also numbers and head letters. It is also necessary to change it once a month. * Firewall – a standard protection that combines hardware and software, that acts as a filter between private network and external computers. * Antivirus/Antispyware – a software that checks computers for presence of malware and viruses and often elimates it. * VPN – virtual private networks provide a secure channel through the Internet for transmitting messages and data using a private network. * Data Encryption – secure socket layer (SSL) manages secure transmission of transactins through the Internet. * Awareness – employees and users have to be aware of all possible dangers that can occur when using the database. Trainings for employees and warnings for users have to be in place. 4. Sources http://paidcontent.org/2011/02/01/the-most-successful-digital-companies/13/ http://www.gamestop.com/

The Character of No-one in Twenty-Thousand Leagues Under the Sea Essay

The Character of No-one in Twenty-Thousand Leagues Under the Sea      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alan Quatermain, sitting hunched over and delirious from opium withdrawal, has been taken aboard a huge submersible vessel.   The aging adventurer says, "P-please.   I feel so sick.   Need my medicine."   A cold voice answers him, "You are aboard my ship, sir, and my remedies are bitter."   Quatermain turns, with his eyes rolled back, teeth clenched, and streams of sweat rolling off of his face, and he says, "Who said that? ... I see you only dimly, sir.   If you are real and not some opium djinn sent to torment me, tell me who you are!"   A turbaned man with a long beard and curled mustache, his eyes dark with the weight of years of exploring the depths of the oceans, exploring the unknown, and seeking vengeance with a hate that consumed him but that he controlled, looked down upon Quatermain and answered, "No-one."      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Captain Nemo truly is no one.   He expresses no nationality or loyalty but to himself and the oceans.   In the original novel, Twenty-Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, written by Jules Verne, Nemo says, "Professor, I am not what you call a civilized man!   I have done with society entirely, for reasons which I alone have the right of appreciating.   I do not therefore obey its laws, and I desire you never to allude to them before me again!"   The narrator, Professor Aronnax, states, "This was said plainly.   A flash of angerand disdain kindled in the eyes of the Unknown, and I had a glimpse of a terrible past in the life of this man" (73).   Captain Nemo is outside of society, living deep in the oceans; he is the terror of the unknown.   His ship, the Nautilus, is thought to be a sea monster, and the legend is talked abo... ...best of humanity, and he showed the worst that the best of us can do.    Bibliography Allott, Kenneth.   "Chapter III:   1863-1870."   New York:   The Macmillan Co., 1941.   Buzard, James, Linda K. Hughes.   "The Victorian Nation and its Others" and "1870."   A Companion to Victorian Literature and Culture.   Ed. Herbert F. Tucker.   Malden:   Blackwell Publishers, 1999.   35-50, 438-455.   Cappetti, Diana, Julie Lewis, Michael Mullen.   "Late Nineteenth Century Poets."   Diss. FGCU, 2001.   Moore, Alan, Kevin O'Neill.   The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.   Canada:   America's Best Comics, L.L.C., 2000.   Verne, Jules.   "Captain Nemo."   New York:   Vincent Parke and Co., 1911.   Verne, Jules.   Twenty-thousand Leagues Under the Sea.   Cleveland:   The World Publishing Co., 1946.   "Island of Dr. Moreau, H.G. Wells."   Diss.   FGCU, 2001.  

Can Classical and Operant Conditioning Account for the Development of Phobias?

Can classical and operant conditioning account for the development of phobias? Classical conditioning involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus then produces a conditioned response. Operant conditioning then refers to associations between the response and the outcome. The following essay will examine evidence supporting classical and operant conditioning as a cause of phobias.Other theories, such as biological and evolutionary, will also be taken into account, as conditioning theory is criticised for a number of reasons. Psychologists have suggested phobias develop as a consequence of conditioning, and many phobics can remember a specific episode which caused the onset of their phobia (Freud, 1909; Ost and Hugdahl, 1981). However, research suggests it is not necessary for a specific episode to occur to change behaviour. Kirsch et al (2004) studied rats in a maze.They were left to explore before food was introduced, at which point errors in the rats' route through the maze were reduced significantly. This suggests the rats learned to navigate when they were not reinforced for learning, and they formed cognitive maps without reinforcement. This evidence of latent learning suggests learning can occur without classical conditioning. Davey (1992) also found many phobics do not remember a particular aversive conditioning episode, claiming they have had their phobia since they could remember.This suggests their phobia may have developed without conditioning. Instead there may be, for example, a biological aspect of developing phobias. There are certain phobias, such as for snakes and spiders, which are more common than others. Mineka and Ohman (2002) suggested primates and humans can quickly associate these objects with frightening events because they have evolved to do so; these objects posed a threat to their ancestors.To support this evoluntionary theory, Cook and Mineka (1989) exposed monkeys to various object s, and found they easily acquired new fears of toy snakes and crocodiles, but did not develop fears of flowers. They suggested this is because they had no prior exposure to flowers in a frightening episode. While this research may still suggest conditioning theory is a factor in the development of phobias, as the primates still learnt to fear the object, evolution may also be a factor of phobia development.

The Strange Ride of Morrowbie

In Rudyard Kipling’s story â€Å"The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes† there are many aspects of the India’s traditions and customs. But one custom that is strongly present though out the story is the role of the Indian caste system. Within each character you are taken into the five levels of the caste system. The caste system has been present in Indian culture for as far back as their history can be traced. The five levels that are present with in the characters in the story are Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and Harijans (www. suchico. edu) According to Indianchild. com the India caste system is a hierarchical society. In the Indian caste system, no matter where you live or what religion you are everybody is ranked into one of the five levels. The caste system is respected and followed by all who live within the system. No matter where you live everyone knows their caste ranking, and they behave towards each other according to their ranking. We are first i ntroduced to Morrowbie, who is a man that is placed in the caste system known as Vaishya.According to Caste System, the Vaishya are known as the Krsi (who are the people for grow the food grains), the goraksha (who are the cow protection), the vanijyam (who do the trading), the Vaisya karma (people who work), and svabhavajam (are the people who are born of his own nature). The Vaisyas were known as the land-owners, money-lenders and influential traders. Morrowbie is known as a man with an education and career as a civil engineer. Due to his successful career he is known as a land-owner. It is evident though out the story that Morrowbie knows of his high class level and the caste level of the people around him.When he first falls into the hole he finds himself in the middle of a crowd. He states that the people are scantily clothed and can be associated with the Hindu mendicants (p. 24). According to the Indian caste level the merchants are considered to be one level below Morrowbie Jukes. You can tell from the way that he speaks about them, that he believes them not to be worthy to be in his presence. Morrowbie goes on to say how the merchants should show him respect and give him recognition of his presence there. In the story, Morrowbie is shown to treat the lower caste levels as second class citizens to him.While Morrowbie is trying to buy food and shelter from Gunga he once again refers to the lower class of merchants that surround him. He states â€Å"One does not protest against the doings of a den of wild beasts; and my companions were lower than any beasts (p. 28). We are then introduced to Gunga Dass as a man of power and status in the purgatory of the dead. Gunga Dass is considered to be the highest class of the Indian caste system. According to www. csuchico. edu, Gunga Dass is in the caste level of Brahmin. According to Gnome Research Brahmin are members of the priestly class in the Indian system, and belongs to the upper caste society.The Brahmins as described by Indianchild. com is â€Å"Brahman is of the nature of truth, knowledge and infinity. Gunga Dass claimed that he no longer lived his life as a Deccanee Brahmin, but he does still maintained his status in the land of the living dead. Even though Dass states that he renounced the Brahmin life, he still is living the role of his caste system. Gunga becomes the guide to Morrowbie, showing him the ways of the new land and the laws that he must follow. Gunga takes the role of protector just as he was in his time on earth. Morrowbie states â€Å"Gunga Dass, whom I had begun to regard as my natural protector† (p. 7). It is Gunga who nourishes the people, protects the land, just as he was during his life as a Brahmin. He gave Morrowbie shelter and food when he was asked. He also had the knowledge of the land, giving Morrowbie the answers that were proper for his own caste level knowledge. When Dass is requested by Morrowbie to get the white boy’s body, he state s to Morrowbie â€Å"But I am Brahmin, Sahib- a high caste Brahmin†. Even though it seems that Morrowbie has over stepped his caste position, it is Dass who is always in control. He is the protector, guide, nourishes, and all knowing of the land of the living dead.We are then introduced to the white boy that is killed by Gunga. The unnamed boy is considered to be a Harijan in the Indian caste system. According to Caste System in India the Harijan or untouchables; was the lowest class of the Indian caste system. They were called the outsiders of the system, the people who were too low on the level to be considered part of the system. They were traditionally sweepers, washers of clothes, leatherworkers, and those whose occupation it was to kill animals (indianchild. com). The murdered white boy was described as wearing an olive-green hunting suit that was much stained and worn (p. 5). This description gives a clear indication that the murder boy is a hunter, this is thought by the Indian caste system as a person who deserves no ranking or rights. The boy is never given a name, which indicates the unimportance of his position. Also it is his body that is drowns in the quick sand for no clear reason. His soul and body are not given a second thought about, he is treated like a dried up piece of meat, just as he would have been treated during life on earth. We are finally introduced to Dunnoo, a boy that lives in the Indian caste system called Shudra.The Shudra are traditionally people that work in service as slaves or practitioners of unskilled trades. Dunnoo is in unskilled tradesmen who work as Morrowbie’s dog boy. He is a worker at Morrowbie’s farm that tends to his collies. Even though Dunnoo is considered to be in the lower class of the caste system, he is thought to be above the untouchables. That is why he is used as the person who saves Morrowbie, but it is never mention of any gratitude from Morrowbie for saving his life. In â€Å"The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes† it is evident that the Indian caste system is used in each characters actions and manners.The Indian Caste system is a system that till this day, has been the back bone of the Indian society. The characters of this story displayed not only the attitudes of each caste system, but also the beliefs of how each caste level associated with each other. Each character from Morrowbie to the white hunter established themselves in the undead world the same as they lived above ground. They did not care where their bodies were, for living in the caste system you live your full life even after death in the same caste system.

Water Wars in Bolivia

Water Wars in Bolivia Modernization and development experts in the early 1950s predicted the possibility of future water wars (Rapoport, 1974). Since then, the experts have been on the forefront supporting governments in developing and implementing resource management policies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Water Wars in Bolivia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the aim of enhancing human-environment relations within their regions, most countries have developed and implemented appropriate measures (Rapoport, 1974). However, it is disappointing to note that most governments in the developing countries have paid little or no attention to avert the looming dangers. With regard to the recent resource protests in Bolivia, this paper details the progress achieved in the case study, and outlines recommendations based on modernization theories. Problems In the year 1999, human-environment conflicts broke out in Cochabamba, Bolivia. The conf licts involved water customers, private water service providers, and International Waters Company (Perrault, 2006). We noted that towards the end of the 20th century, Bolivian government was under hyperinflation (Carlos, 2006). To ease the situation, Bolivian government requested for a financial aid from the World Bank (Perrault, 2006). The World Bank accepted their request, and in turn mandated its government to abide by the bank’s provisions. To achieve its development independence, Bolivian government was required by the World Bank to privatize most of its state owned industries (Carlos, 2006). To comply with this requirement, Bolivian government privatized its telecommunication, railways, and hydrocarbon industries.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the year 2000, the World Bank advised the Bolivian government to privatize its water service system. Th ey had to abide by the World Bank’s directive to qualify for the 25 million US dollars they had requested from the institution (Perrault, 2006). Through this directive, the World Bank aimed at improving the Bolivian water systems’ effectiveness. They were to achieve it through the introduction of new investors and replacement of corrupt individuals in the water service systems. Upon privatization, the new water service provider, Aguas Del Tunari, raised the water rates to finance the construction of a stalled dam (Perrault, 2006). As a result, some poor people were unable to pay for their water bills. At the beginning of the year 2000, the peasant farmers initiated protests against the water prices (Perrault, 2006). By mid February, demonstrations had attracted factory workers, street children, and state employees. As a result, the Cochabamba’s economy stalled for several days led to massive financial losses. At the beginning of the case study, we identified sev eral causes of Bolivian water and natural gas crystalline protests. We noted that the Water wars in Bolivia were the product of human-environment conflicts. These conflicts depict Bolivia’s weak environmental management systems and corrupt institutions (Perrault, 2006). So far, we have identified that Bolivian environmental management systems and institutions are not only ineffective but also ill equipped. For the last two decades, the country’s environmental authorities have followed the neo-liberal path (Perrault, 2006). In the case study, we noted that the past corrupt Bolivian environmental authorities were not appropriately centralized.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Water Wars in Bolivia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, farming organizations and community associations were formed to manage the country’s water service distribution services (Carlos, 2006). Through the studies, we discovered that NGOs, bilateral agencies, and multilateral agencies were involved in the distribution of water services from rural to urban areas. With all these players in the water service system, it became very difficult for the country to appropriately manage and regulate its water service industries (Perrault, 2006). Upon privatization, Bolivian water systems re-scaled and re-institutionalized Bolivian natural management organizations leading to resource related struggles (Perrault, 2006). We identified that during the Bolivian privatization processes, they excluded the public from participating in important decision-making processes. As a result, the public were convinced that their resources were being taken over by the private companies. Through this, the citizens were motivated to fight for their property rights through strikes and demonstrations. Similarly, the public believed that privatization of public natural resources was going to restrict their access. As a result , they resorted to demonstrations witnessed during the beginning of the year 2000 (Carlos, 2006). Similarly, the studies revealed that Bolivia’s dependence on foreign aid, weak political and economical stability rendered their legal and institutional frameworks ineffectively. Equally, we have noted that the country’s dependence on foreign aid led to the reorganization of the country’s resource management systems to suit the foreign interests rather than the country’s interests.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this regard, we identified that Bolivian human-environment conflicts were triggered by concerns over control of resources and implications of scarce natural resources on their livelihoods (Carlos, 2006). By conducting the case study, we noticed that in the last two decades the Bolivian government has been infamous for disrespecting social justice. Bolivian consumers expected their government to shield them from exploitation from local and international firms (Perrault, 2006). Similarly, as noted through Bolivian water wars, Bolivian citizens were concerned with the country’s lack of transparency in handling and distributing its natural resources. For instance, in the protest the demonstrators called on their government to improve its distributive justice (Perrault, 2006). Solutions As we have argued, developing nations require massive investments to expand their water services. In this regard, the World Bank and other international financiers should note that the cost of e xpanding these services is too enormous for most private companies to manage on their own (Bruce, 2011). Similarly, we noted that in some countries the World Bank has subsidized cost recovery to enhance privatization of more state companies (Funder, 2012). Instead, the World Bank should help Bolivia and other developing nations in enhancing their natural resource institutions’ efficiencies rather than subsidizing and expanding their private sectors (Bruce, 2011). Similarly, we urge Bolivian private and public sectors to work together to ensure that water and other natural resources are equally distributed. Similarly, Bolivian government should ensure that its citizens have access to natural resources at fair prices. As witnessed in Bolivia, human competition over scarce resources triggers most human-environment conflicts (Bruce, 2011). To reduce competition over these resources, we urge all Bolivians to adopt responsible behaviors. According to the World Bank, people should a ppropriately utilize natural resources by minimizing their wastage. Similarly, Bolivians should adopt modern scientific technologies that minimize the usage of natural resources. Through this, agricultural farms should use the modern scientific methods of irrigation rather than the rudimentary technologies currently used across Bolivia and other developing nations. Similarly, Bolivian government should improve its economic state. Through this, the government should create more employment and investment opportunities. We believe that with an improved economy, most Bolivians would stop depending on their natural resources as their source of livelihoods, thus reducing cases of human-environment conflicts. By acknowledging the modern thinking concepts, Bolivians should analyze current social factors influencing human-environment conflicts. By doing so, we believe that they would be able to discover the means to avoid and solve these challenges. Bolivian authorities should ensure that ap propriate laws and authorities are put in place to regulate the involvement of the private sectors in participating in the management of the country’s natural resources (Scott, 1998). Similarly, Bolivian government should adopt and develop alternative economic development models. After analyzing the Bolivian economic history, we noted that neo-liberalism has not only enhanced poverty and insecurity, but also resulted in increased social injustices. To solve these issues, the Bolivian private and public sectors should do away with neo-liberalization policies (Scott, 1998). Equally, we urge the country’s resource authorities to outlaw the neo-liberalization of the country’s natural resources. Instead, the resource authorities should acknowledge that they have failed in the distribution of the countrys resources. Thereafter, they should distribute all natural resources fairly focusing more on the previously neglected areas (Scott, 1998). Conclusion Generally, we no ted that the current Bolivian human-environment conflicts might persist for the next few decades. Thus, Bolivian government must acknowledge its citizens grievances. By acknowledging these grievances, government officials should realize that the citizens expect their help in developing political and social systems. Similarly, the government, NGOs, and the private organizations should realize that they have a role to play in the formulation of appropriate educational policies used in public education (Scott, 1998). By adopting the use of modern technologies, Bolivian government can significantly reduce cases of unrests and human environment conflicts previously witnessed. References Bruce, R. (2011). Rights to water and privatization. Environmental Forum, 28(1), 2. Carlos, A. (2006). Crisis in Cochabamba.. Alternatives Journal., 32(4), 2. Funder, M. (2012). Strategies of the Poorest in Local Water Conflict and Cooperation – Evidence from Vietnam, Bolivia and Zambia. Water Alte rnatives, 5(1), 17. Perreault, T. (2006). From the Guerra del Agua to the Guerra del Gas: Resource governance, neoliberalism and popular protest in Bolivia. Antipode, 38(1), 12. Rapoport, A. (1974). Conflict in man-made environment. Harmondsworth, Eng: Penguin Books. Scott, J. C. (1998). Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Foraging Essays

Foraging Essays Foraging Essay Foraging Essay Foraging (Deut 23:24-25) What did it mean to the powerful landowners who viewed the powerless widows who would forage his property (Deut 23:24-25). Explain how widows are allowed to eat their fill of grapes but they cannot put any into a container, and they can pluck the grain with their hand, but they may not harvest it with a sickle. What would motivate the powerful landowners to only allow the powerless widow to only eat so much from his property and not take enough to eat later, or to plant and harvest in another field, and what were the consequences if the powerless widow did take some? : In one aspect, a powerful landowner would not want any vagrants to be on his property foraging his harvest. At the other end of the spectrum, Hebrew men wanted the recognition as a man who gave to those in need, showing a sense of superiority especially over the powerless widow. Yahweh gave instructions for caring for the oppressed and for the powerless widow. (Exodus 22:21-23) Yahweh also said that after the harvest the powerful landowners were to leave a little extra for the powerless widow (Leviticus 23:22). Deuteronomy seems to be proposing the idea of not letting the powerless widow take advantage of the powerful landowner as if the powerful landowner was watching her making sure she did not take more than required. Don C. Benjamin, The Book of Deuteronomy, a feminist commentary According to Don C. Benjamin, The Book of Deuteronomy, a feminist commentary, those who owned land were supposed to view foraging and gleaning in their farms by widows and the poor as the little amount of compensation that they were paying to Yahweh. According to the laws, widows benefited most from gleaning while those who were traveling were the ones to profit from foraging. However, according to the rules, widows, the poor and those who were traveling were restricted from exploiting this kindness offered to them. They were to eat only to their fill but avoid harvesting for later use. The landowners were seen as agents of Yahweh in his quest to help a section of His people who could not support themselves.[1] It was a belief that upon helping others, God would help such compassionate individuals in acquiring more property, referred to as blessings, so that they would continue helping the people of God. 1. Explain How Widows Are Allowed To Eat Their Fill but They Cannot Put Any into a Container This was meant to make the widows to understand that as much as they were being helped, they had to leave some behind for the property owner since he had put in work and money to maintain his plantation. Widows had to understand that they had to respect those who were being compassionate to them. In addition, this measure was put in place to remind the widows that they also had to work hard to provide food for themselves and not just depend on the kindness of others. They were to leave some behind so that in case they did not find food elsewhere the following day, they could come back to the farm and get food. Such a law was also to guard against people harvesting too much food that would later on go bad and go to waste. 2. What Would Motivate the Powerful Landowners to Only Allow the Powerless Widow to Only Eat So Much from His Property and Not Take Enough to Eat Later? By helping the widows in this way, the powerful landowners saw their influence over the people as growing. The widows who had fed on their farms would go and tell others of how generous the landowner was in helping them. This would in turn earn the landowner more respect from the people. The landowners also wanted such poor people to be dependent on them so that they would use them in some of their activities. According to the law, those who fed on these farms were expected to come and help in tilling the land in case the landowners needed such help. This means that come the next planting season, the landowner would just call on the poor who had fed in his farm to assist him. Normally, there were several people who owned such farms; therefore, the widows would go around several farms before coming back for food in a farm they had eaten from earlier. For those landowners who were religious, they perceived feeding the widows and poor people as a way of acquiring Yahweh’s blessi ngs. For them, they were only carrying out Yahweh’s orders. 3. What Were The Consequences If The Powerless Widow Did Take Some? There were consequences if the widows and the poor harvested food from the farms of the landowners. The scribes who made these laws stated that those who harvested from the farms of landowners without their permission would be treated as thieves and would be punished by Yahweh. However, women were to be treated a little differently from men as they were seen as more vulnerable than men are[2]. Despite this perceive need for some sense of kindness towards women, if found in violation of the law, they were to be punished just as the men were. In the documents prepared by the lawmakers, the scribes and the Pharisees, it was stated that the punishment of such an act was not to be dispensed by men but by Yahweh Himself since he was trying to help his people by urging other people to be compassionate to them. That apart from Yahweh punishing such an act of violation of His laws, those found harvesting were not to be helped by anyone again in case they asked for food again. He or she who t akes for granted the compassion Yahweh’s agent extends to them was to be punished by Yahweh Himself. The ancient Israelites were compassionate people who cared for the less fortunate members of their community, especially the widows and the poor. Foraging was one of the ways through which the Israelites provided food for the less fortunate. Land owners were supposed to see forging as way of paying rent for the land they had to Yahweh while widows and the poor were to avoid exploit the kindness of land owner[3]. Violation of foraging rules was tantamount to punishment y the laws and by Yahweh Himself. Bibliography Benjamin Don.C. The Book of Deuteronomy, a feminist commentary. Don C Benjamin, PhD, Biblical Near Eastern Studies. doncbenjamin.com/books#ots Benjamin Don C. Matthews Victor Harold. Old Testament parallels: laws and stories from the ancient Near East. New York: Paulist Press, 2006. Benjamin Don.C. The Old Testament Story, an Introduction. 2004. Minneapolis. Fortress [1] Don.C.Benjamin. The Old Testament Story, n Introduction. 2004. Minneapolis. Fortress.

Richard Nixons Native American Federal Policy

Richard Nixons Native American Federal Policy Modern American politics among various demographics can be traced along predictable lines when it comes to a two-party system, especially those of ethnic minorities. Although the civil rights movement enjoyed bipartisan support early on, it became split along regional lines with Southerners of both parties opposing it, resulting in the conservative Dixiecrats migrating to the Republican party. Today African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and Native Americans are typically associated with the liberal agenda of the Democrats. Historically, the conservative agenda of the Republican Party tended to be hostile to the needs of American Indians, especially during the mid-20th century, but ironically it was the Nixon administration that would bring much-needed change to Indian country. Crisis in the Wake of Termination Decades of federal policy toward American Indians overwhelmingly favored assimilation, even when the governments prior efforts toward forced assimilation were declared a failure as a result of the Merriam Report in 1924. Despite policies designed to reverse some of the damage by fostering greater self-government and a measure of tribal independence in the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the concept of improvement of the lives of Indians was still framed in terms of progress as American citizens, i.e. their ability to assimilate into the mainstream and evolve out of their existence as Indians. By 1953 a Republican-controlled Congress would adopt House Concurrent Resolution 108 which stated that at the earliest possible time [Indians should be] freed from all federal supervision and control and from all disabilities and limitations specially applicable to Indians. Thus, the problem was framed in terms of Indians political relationship to the United States, rather than a history of a buse stemming from broken treaties, perpetuating a relationship of domination. Resolution 108 signaled the new policy of termination in which tribal governments and reservations were to be dismantled once and for all by giving greater jurisdiction over Indian affairs to some states (in direct contradiction of the Constitution) and the relocation program which sent Indians away from their home reservations to large cities for jobs. During the termination years, more Indian lands were lost to federal control and private ownership and many tribes lost their federal recognition, effectively eradicating the political existence and identities of thousands of individual Indians and over 100 tribes. Activism, Uprising, and the Nixon Administration The ethnic nationalist movements among Black and Chicano communities fueled the mobilization for American Indians own activism and by 1969 the Alcatraz Island occupation was underway, grabbing the nations attention and creating a highly visible platform upon which Indians could air their centuries-long grievances. On July 8, 1970, President Nixon formally repudiated the termination policy (which was established ironically during his tenure as vice president) with a special message to Congress advocating for American Indian Self-determination. . . without the threat of eventual termination, assuring that the Indian†¦[could] assume control over his own life without being separated involuntarily from the tribal group. The next five years would see some of the most bitter struggles in Indian country, testing the Presidents commitment to Indian rights. In the latter part of 1972, the American Indian Movement (AIM) in conjunction with other American Indian rights groups convened the Trail of Broken Treaties caravan across the country to deliver a twenty point list of demands to the federal government. The caravan of several hundred Indian activists culminated in the week-long takeover of the Bureau of Indian Affairs building in Washington DC. Just a few months later in early 1973, was the 71-day armed confrontation in Wounded Knee, South Dakota between American Indian activists and the FBI in response to an epidemic of uninvestigated murders and the terrorist tactics of a federally-supported tribal government on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The heightening tensions across Indian country could no longer be ignored, nor would the public stand for more armed interventions and Indian deaths at the hands of federal officials. Thanks to the momentum of the civil rights movement Indians had become popular, or at least a force to be reckoned with and the Nixon administration seemed to grasp the wisdom of taking a pro-Indian stance. Nixons Influence on Indian Affairs During Nixons presidency, a number of great strides were made in federal Indian policy, as documented by the Nixon-era Center Library at Mountain State University. Among some of the most significant of those achievements are: The return of the sacred Blue Lake to the people of Taos Pueblo in 1970.The Menominee Restoration Act, restoring the recognition of the previously terminated tribe in 1973.In the same year, the Bureau of Indian Affairs budget was increased by 214% to a total of $1.2 billion.The establishment of the first special office on Indian Water Rights - A bill authorizing the Secretary of Agriculture to make direct and insured loans to Indian tribes through the Farmers Home Administration.The passage of the Indian Financing Act of 1974, which supported tribal commercial development.The filing of a landmark Supreme Court suit to protect Indian rights at Pyramid Lake.Pledged that all available BIA funds be arranged to fit priorities set by tribal governments themselves. In 1975 Congress passed the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, perhaps the most significant piece of legislation for Native American rights since the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. Although Nixon had resigned the presidency before being able to sign it, he had laid the groundwork for its passage. References Hoff, Joan. Re-evaluating Richard Nixon: His Domestic Achievements. nixonera.com/library/domestic.asp Wilkins, David E. American Indian Politics and the American Political System. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2007.

Aye aye Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aye aye - Research Paper Example This third digit is independent in movement from the other digits and is extremely versatile. The third digits complete independence in movement serves two main purposes, tapping to find insects within cavities in wood and probing to find and remove larvae from those cavities. This method of locating and extracting insect larval prey is called percussive foraging (Aye-aye Daubentonia madagascariensis) The unique appearance, rodent like teeth, peculiar ways of finding food, superstitions around it etc made aye-aye one of the interesting creations of God. â€Å"It is the world’s largest nocturnal primate, and is characterized by its unique method of finding food; it taps on trees to find grubs, then gnaws holes in the wood and inserts its elongated middle finger to pull the grubs out† (Aye-Aye Madagascar). This paper briefly analyses different features and superstitions associated with aye-aye. Aye-aye found mainly on the east coast of Madagascar. Rain forests are the habitat of this creature. Majority of the time, aye ayes are spent on tree tops even though they occasionally climb down and moving on the land. However, the destruction of forests or deforestation caused aye-ayes to come out from their natural habitat and visit the populated areas. Aye-aye is a mammal which makes nests for its shelter. â€Å"The nests appear as closed spheres with single entry holes, situated in the forks of large trees† (Aye-aye). Like many of the other creatures, they sleep during day and hunt during the night. The major foods of aye-ayes are nuts, grubs, fruits, nectar, seeds, fungi etc. It eats both plants and meats or it eats both vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods. Coconuts, mangoes, sugar cane, eggs of other creatures etc are other major foods of aye-aye. The diet of the aye-aye is largely wood-boring grubs, which are found under the bark of trees. The aye-aye uses its long middle finger to carefully tap the wood, and it uses

Decision Making Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decision Making Analysis - Essay Example This scenario creates a paradox that demanded quite holistic considerations before the decision could be made. This paper shall explore such considerations made by Pepsi and evaluate the ultimate decision made by the CEO. Pepsi is one of the leading Food and Beverage companies worldwide. The head quarter of this company is based in the United State of America. From the USA, Pepsi reaches out to over two hundred other countries of the world and has employed almost three hundred thousand workers in these various countries. This company specializes on the production of soft drinks of different brands. The company however diversifies its production to other related products such as bottled water, savory and even the whole-grain snacks. This diversification has tremendously increased the sale and consequently, the gross profit of the company across the globe (Pepsi, 2010). Moving to Africa was not a soft nut for the management of the company. There were several factors that posed threats to the operations in Africa. On the other hand, the optimistic CEO could discern abundant opportunities for making huge profit in the fallow land of Africa. For that matter, the pros and cons had to be weighed on the same beam balance. Infrastructure is always the key consideration made by any multinational companies before opening corporate businesses in foreign countries. In this case, the target location had poor infrastructure. Bad roads may deter the product distribution and sales especially in the remote areas. The company might have to spend more on vehicle repair and maintenance. Electricity distribution in some parts of Africa is unevenly. The electricity energy is needed to preserve and cool the soft drinks would be lacking in such locations, giving the products a bad taste thereby lowering the demand. Another big challenge to Pepsi Company would be its competitors, and in this case, the Coca cola company which has deeply established its roots in the

In todays economy are we heading towards a Great Depression Research Proposal

In todays economy are we heading towards a Great Depression - Research Proposal Example The American economy is brought to a halt. And with the presidential elections recently concluded, we wonder if the president-elect will be able to save, or at the very least revive, the country’s flat lining economy. What is apparent is that there is a need for a re-assessment of the policies governing these markets. Analysts agree that this brings change to the outlook of America as the top superpower, financially (Faroohar, par. 2). Everyone who used to look up to the financial bigwigs of the United States in awe are now re-thinking if they are in fact right with their views. They are now shifting their thoughts toward a more favorable view of the significance of the government in trade and business. They are already projecting that this in the future will be the definitive moment when global capitalism was uprooted from the U.S. (Zakaria, par. 5-7). Fareed Zakaria in his article at Newsweek points out that today is the ‘Age of Bloomberg’ and the end of the ‘Age of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher’. Perhaps the plummet of laissez-faire capitalism towards something everyone is yet to figure out is something we can all agree upon. If necessary measures are not implemented quickly then this is heading nowhere but another Great Depression. What makes the difference is the knowledge that is available today based on history. Time is of the essence and as anyone can predict, if this continues to drag on into years, then, an impact as great as seen in history books or maybe worse will occur. Ironically, from the independence of a free and unobstructed market, businesses today are looking to the government to facilitate for their breathing room. The $700 billion to be passed on to the taxpayers seems to be too much at hindsight. The implosion of some of the world’s biggest investment banks left everyone dumbfounded. The Great Depression has always been associated

In light of recent research evaluate the extent to which a willy Essay

In light of recent research evaluate the extent to which a willy employer can evade the provisions of the Equal Pay Act 1970. What proposals for reform can be m - Essay Example In accordance with a report published by the University of Oxford â€Å"under this Act, every employment contract is deemed to include an equality clause which guarantees both sexes the same money for doing the same or broadly similar work, or work rated as equivalent by a job evaluation study; such a clause operates unless an employer can prove that pay variation between the sexes is reasonable and genuinely due to a material difference between their cases†2. In other words, all employment contracts should include provisions for equal pay regarding the work of equal value. However, in many cases the provision of equal payment is not possible because there are certain factors (like the duties of the man involved) that have been encountered in order for the increase to the salary to be decided. Another issue is the fact that discrimination in payment is often non visible or easily identified because it can refer to the provision of other benefits (like free accommodation and so on) that are analyzed extensively below. 1(1) â€Å"If the terms of a contract under which a woman is employed at an establishment in Great Britain do not include (directly or by reference to a collective agreement or otherwise) an equality clause they shall be deemed to include one†3 In other words, all employment contracts in Britain should include a clause related with equal payment. In terms that such a term is not included in the employment contracts, then employers can be ‘obliged’ to add such a clause within these contracts. In order to understand the role of Equal Pay Act 1970, it is necessary to refer primarily to the term ‘pay’ as included in the above Act. In accordance with a definition given by the Equal Opportunities Commission (2007) the term ‘pay’ can be refer not only to salaries and wages but also to the following benefits: â€Å"a) holiday pay/leave entitlements; b) profit related pay; c) profit sharing; d) contractual bonuses e) share options; f) subsidised

Business project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business project - Essay Example Sweet Sunrise Bakery will offer its products at a competitive price to meet the demands of its diverse customer base, the lower, middle, and upper-income earners. Sweet Sunrise Bakery plans to make all sorts of bread products both sour and non-sour with different traditional background heritage. We aim to satisfy our customer with the presence of a broad base of products to choose; this will enable clients/consumers to pick their preferences at their comfort of their environment and circumstance. It is prospected the bakery to have several employees, however, at the moment xxxxxxxxxxxx will be the CEO while xxxxxxxxxxxxxx will be the assistant CEO, making the management team. They both have ownership shares of 70% and 30% respectively (First Research, Inc. 18  June  2015). The bakery will offer services and products that already tried and proved as an accurate reflection of Sweet Sunrise Bakery Classic assorted products. Some of the products it bakes include fresh baked assorted bread that do have the traditional foundation, San Francisco. Examples of the product are the San Francisco iconic sourdough French bread, sweet bread (non-sourdough), harvest bread, clam chowder, and European hearth bread among other products. Some of the service the bakery will provide will include serving coffee in one of the cafà ©s fitted beside the bakery (Timothea18  June  2015). The bakery will also embrace technology by making sales through having online services, which will involve ordering online, making payments online, and having the food products delivered to your homestead within the stipulated time. The target market has a population of about 1100 and other towns outlying with 3100. Some of the residents are professionals while others are retirees with good pensions. The Norfolk River provides good tourist attractions adding more customers. The locals will be reached through word of

Essay 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

5 - Essay Example In other words, they wanted to fulfill their feudal obligations. There were strong connections between the social necessity of violence and papal reforms, as well as the exploitation of this revivalistic imagination of the Papacy age. Even though the Crusades failed to attain permanent control of the Holy Land, their influence was both wide and deep. In their crusading fervor, they carried out succesful fights against the Muslims in Spain along with the pagan Slavs in the eastern Europe. In some instances they engaged in the war with infidels in self-defense (Prevità ©-Orton 282). As cited by Esposito (335), in 1095, the destruction of the Holy Sepulchure by the Fatmid caliph al-Hakim sparked the initial Crusade. Majority of the Christians viewed al-Hakim as an Antichrist. In the same way, Prevità ©-Orton (282) notes that the Holy Sepulcher was the holiest shrine in Christianity. Another motivation for the Crusade was the Byzantine’s Emperor Alexius I plea for assistance. Most of the Byzantine Empire had been conquered by the Constantinople together with Seljuk Turks. The Christians engaged in the war because Jerusalem, Jesus’ birthplace was also at threat. They wanted to regain the occupied territories (Madden 10). Lastly, the Crusades also had economic motives. They were responsible for the reopening of the eastern Mediterranean to Western commerce. This resulted in the emergence of great cities like Venice in addition to the emergence of a money economy in the

Business project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business project - Essay Example Sweet Sunrise Bakery will offer its products at a competitive price to meet the demands of its diverse customer base, the lower, middle, and upper-income earners. Sweet Sunrise Bakery plans to make all sorts of bread products both sour and non-sour with different traditional background heritage. We aim to satisfy our customer with the presence of a broad base of products to choose; this will enable clients/consumers to pick their preferences at their comfort of their environment and circumstance. It is prospected the bakery to have several employees, however, at the moment xxxxxxxxxxxx will be the CEO while xxxxxxxxxxxxxx will be the assistant CEO, making the management team. They both have ownership shares of 70% and 30% respectively (First Research, Inc. 18  June  2015). The bakery will offer services and products that already tried and proved as an accurate reflection of Sweet Sunrise Bakery Classic assorted products. Some of the products it bakes include fresh baked assorted bread that do have the traditional foundation, San Francisco. Examples of the product are the San Francisco iconic sourdough French bread, sweet bread (non-sourdough), harvest bread, clam chowder, and European hearth bread among other products. Some of the service the bakery will provide will include serving coffee in one of the cafà ©s fitted beside the bakery (Timothea18  June  2015). The bakery will also embrace technology by making sales through having online services, which will involve ordering online, making payments online, and having the food products delivered to your homestead within the stipulated time. The target market has a population of about 1100 and other towns outlying with 3100. Some of the residents are professionals while others are retirees with good pensions. The Norfolk River provides good tourist attractions adding more customers. The locals will be reached through word of

Week 4 discussion TQM Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 4 discussion TQM - Personal Statement Example Indeed, teams avail the capacity for a speedy response to changes within customer demands, which may not be satisfied by employees working in limited specialty. A virtual team represents a group of individuals working across time, organizational boundaries, and space with connections reinforced by webs of communication technology. There are three core aspects related to a virtual team, namely: people, purpose, and links. Virtual teams lack hierarchy or any related structures given that they may not be from the same organization. Virtual teams differ from the face-to-face team based on the fact that they may be geographically dispersed while face-to-face teams are localized. This arises from the fact that, in order to attain the same level of effectiveness, as is the case of face-to-face teams, virtual teams’ leadership demands a lot of effort (Oakland, 2012). Virtual teams differ from face-to-face teams based on four pitfalls, namely: absence of concise goals, prioritize, or direction; absence of concise roles among team members; absence of cooperation and trust; and, lack of engagement. Employee involvement represents the creation of an environment where people posses have an impact on the decisions and actions that influence their jobs. Consequently, employees cannot be seen as a cog in a machine, but rather should be viewed as unique and critical to the attainment of the organization goals (Oakland, 2012). Organizations should keep employee involvement alive by: keeping employees updated, giving them autonomy, allowing flexibility, and rewarding success. Some of the general forms of employee involvement include suggestion schemes, team briefings, job design, attitude surveys, and autonomous working groups. Indirect forms of participation entail quality circles, work councils, board representation, task forces, and involvement

Evolution by Natural Selection Essay Example for Free

Evolution by Natural Selection Essay a. Evolution by Natural Selection: This theory is developed by Charles Darwin as one of the parts of his theory of evolution. This theory embodies the thought that species change and evolve over generations and that the mechanisms for the species change along with it. b. Inheritance: This theory, introduced by Gregor Mendel, embodies the principle that traits are passed on from one generation to the next through the genes that carry them. This means that traits are inherited from the parents to the offspring through these hereditary factors. c. Cells: The Cell theory from Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, discussed that all cells come from preexisting cells and that cells are the basic elements for life to exist. d. Biological Classification: Carolus Linnaeus began the classification of different species according to their similarities and differences called nomenclature. e. Bioenergetics: is based on the concept that there is an energy that powers life and that it follows the rules of the energies that exist in the inanimate world. f. Homeostasis: Claude Bernard discovered that organisms function best under a narrow range of conditions and that they maintain internal conditions to maintain stability, which allows them to live in a larger range of environments. g. Ecosystems: This deals with the concept that organisms don’t exist alone but is part of a community of other living organisms that interact with one another. (â€Å"What is Biology? †) In relation to the news today and the theories’ applications in the 21st century, a test connected with the Inheritance theory recently revealed that genetics may determine the extent we are influenced by social drinking clues. The article states that a specific form of the Dopamine D4 receptor gene may make people more sensitive to craving caused by alcohol-related cues from other people. This, the article reports, â€Å"†¦may increase the risk for extensive alcohol use or abuse when spending time with heavy-drinking peers (Association for Psychological Science, 25 July 2010). 2. Scientific Method The website began with the question â€Å"Have you ever noticed if you place a plant near a window, that after a while, the plant grows or leans toward the window? † and was followed by the question â€Å"Have you ever wondered why the plant grows toward the window? † This required a hypothesis formulation in order for there to be a guide on how to arrive on the answer. The hypothesis that I have chosen for the experiment on the website was that â€Å"plants respond to the light which they need to make their food. † After selecting my hypothesis, I chose to â€Å"grow three plants with light to the left and glass to the right and three more with light to the right and glass to the left† and look for the difference in the â€Å"direction the plant is growing/leaning. † The result was that â€Å"The leaves of the plants with the light on the left turned toward the left and the tops of the plants grew toward the left. The leaves of the plants with the light on the right turned toward the right and the tops grew toward the right. † This supported my hypothesis that light was the reason that the plants grew toward the windows where the light was. In the scientific method, the whole process began with observation and questioning the behavior of the plant as it grew toward the window and analyzing the possible variables that may affect this behavior. Considering that I had a basic idea about how plants grow, I made a hypothesis that was likely the case, though there may be some other variables that influence the behavior. These other variables made me think of testing them along with the main reason I had been thinking about. In order to test all the elements involved, I proceeded testing with both the light and the glass. Putting all the variables in not only confirms one or more of the variables, but also eliminates other variables that might not have any weight on the observations made. With the results supporting the hypothesis, and eliminating other non-weight bearing variables (in this case, the glass), then the hypothesis is accepted. The explanation in this case would be that plants respond to the light that enables them to create their own food. From here, it is possible to have other questions that would lead to the repeat in the cycle of the scientific method back to observations and questions. These questions could include how plants would react when the source of light comes from different directions. In my own personal experience, I have applied the scientific method to some of the simplest questions I’ve had the chance to encounter in my life. One such example where I constantly apply it is when making projects whether they are for school or for personal enjoyment, especially when the project requires so many redundant details such as cutting strips of paper or stitching something up or anything else. Although this is not exactly the same in doing scientific experiments, the same principles apply. Since I am always concerned with efficiency in doing things, I always ask myself, what is the shortest way I’ll be able to do this while maintaining a standard of quality? This forms the observation and questioning phase. From past experiences and from certain observations, there are many methods that can be applied and I think of the best ones that might apply to what I am currently working on. These comply with the hypothesis that one of the methods that I have thought of will work, which brings me to the experimentation phase. Here, I test which ones work best on a small scale, checking which ones I finish more quickly and produce the same results despite separate repetitions of the method. Upon seeing the results of my experiments, I finally come to the conclusion that at least one of the methods is efficient and effective in producing mass quantities of material for the project I am working on. Sometimes, this leads to other questions such as whether or not the method can be applied to other materials, or which materials work best with that method. This may then catapult me back to the scientific method from the beginning. References What is Biology?. Retrieved July 27, 2010 from http://course1. winona. edu/mdelong/principles/ Lecture%201%20-%20Introduction. ppt Association for Psychological Science. (July 27, 2010). Genetics may Influence Social Drinking. Medical News Today. Retrieved July 27, 2010 from http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/ articles/195725. php

A Look At Don Bosco Religion Essay

A Look At Don Bosco Religion Essay St John Bosco, also known as Don Bosco, is the subject of this paper and, as all saints of the Church, he has mediated in this world the presence of Christ to a multitude of people during his lifetime and most particularly to the youth of his area in Italy. For my part, I did not grow up Catholic and so was not afforded the opportunity to be exposed to and explore the long list of saints in the Church. This deficiency is being filled as I become more and more aware, through my encounters with people in various ministries since becoming Catholic, of the many saints influencing and encouraging peoples lives. This particular saint, with his focus on youth, might have been helpful in providing an appealing framework focusing on education and spiritual growth especially due to the fact that it was coming from an adult who seemed to understand the needs and desires of young people. During my search for a saint to write on for this paper, John Boscos name was presented to me as someone whos e situation in life speaks to the needs of people today, especially to the needs of youth who are the future of the Church. During his lifetime, St John Bosco also had to deal with many intrusions of anti-Catholicism. He lived during at time within Italy that was not conducive to publicly confirming the Catholic faith. The public State was not only wary of the activities of the Church but also actively worked against the Church by promulgating anti-Catholic laws and promoting dissent of the magisterium of the Church. The many vicissitudes he had to contend with and overcome can be seen, to various degrees, in todays world. His methods and approaches in confronting the anti-Catholicism of his day are also very prescient to the concerns and troubles of our world today. At the time of the birth of St John Bosco in 1815, Italy was not yet unified and consisted of ten different regional states. The Italian peninsula had always been made up of several independent kingdoms and the Papal States cut across the Northern half. During the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte, the pope had been imprisoned and the Papal States were under control of the Napoleon Regime. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 marked the end of this regime and the Papal States were returned to Pope Pius VII. The pre-Napoleon boundaries of the other Italian kingdoms were also given back to their former rulers (prelates, 82-83). This time period also gave rise to the notion of unification of the Italian States and this was cultivated and influenced by the French Revolution and American Revolution. With this notion, the monarchical form of government came under fire as more and more of the populace was filled with the enthusiasm of thinking authority came from themselves and not God. With traditiona l forms of government wanting to be ended, the Holy Sees temporal authority was also targeted. This encouraged the anti-clericalism that was rampant during the time of John Bosco and it was this environment that promoted the unique and diverse methods he employed in his ministry. John Bosco faced a multitude of opposition from the revolutionaries as they saw him as clergy. As clergy, he was a representative of the Church who was headed on earth by the Pope. The Pope ruled over the Papal States and the unwillingness of him to relinquish them was a barrier to unification. This barrier made John Bosco an enemy. John did not start out wrangling with revolutionaries. His humble and impoverished beginnings lie in a small village called Becchi just outside of Turin, the capital of the Piedmont region in Northern Italy, in 1815. The death of his father when he was two years of age left him in the hands of his mother, Margaret, who would have a great influence in his young life as well as helping him in his ministry later in his life. As a single mother taking care of three boys, John being the youngest, and an elderly mother-in-law on a small farm, she nurtured and guided John in his vocation to the priesthood and in his mission to serve the radically poor. She was his model in early life, watching her generously share what little the family had with the poorer neighbors and transients, giving not only food and shelter, but kind words to salve their souls. The Dream When John was nine years of age, he had a dream that would recur many times over his life and that he would later recognize as the vision and course of his future vocation. In this dream, he found himself surrounded by a bunch of boys. Some were laughing, singling and playing, but others were fighting and using foul language. Losing his temper, he tries to stop the boys from fighting with his own fists, but this makes the situation worse. Then in the middle of the group fighting, a noble looking man appeared and they all stopped to stare at him. The man told John that the only way to win over these boys is with the heart and not the fist. The man then told John that he was the son of the mother whom Johns mother taught him to salute three times a day. The man said he would the woman to him and John will be able to do everything easily. The man disappeared and the boys surrounding John turned into wolves and other wild animals. With fear, he turned and found a glorious and gracious la dy at his side. The woman told John to look at the vision of his future work. She said that what John must do for these animals, he must do for all her children. In order to succeed, she said, he must be humble and strong. With this, the wild animals turned into sheep and lambs cavorting about him. The woman then assured John that she would be with him and she would give him guidance and support in his life.

Comparing the Passion and Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun and The Grapes of Wrath :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Fruits of Passion and Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun and The Grapes of Wrath  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Passion! Passion is what both Lorraine Hansberry and John Steinbeck have in common. Their two major works, A Raisin in the Sun and The Grapes of Wrath, respectively, focus on the human struggle, love and dreams, which in turn are symbolized through the ideas of matriarchal images, prodigal sons and daughters and nature as an icon of dreams. In both these works, the mothers play the most important role in the development of the plot. They represent the pillars of strength and they are the ones that hold the family together and the hope alive. In Lorraine Hansberry's work, Mama is a widow, mother of two children and the head of the household: "There are some ideas we ain't going to have in this house. Not long as I am at the head of this family." (Hansberry 51) Mama is aware of the high position she is awarded in the family, since her husband is dead and she is left in care of the family. Qualities like independence and strength surround her and give her and air of authority. She takes charge when others hesitate and she gives courage to the insecure. "You just got strong willed children and it takes a strong woman like you to keep'em   in hand, (Hansberry 52) her daughter-in-law tells her at one point. This symbolizes the love and respect she carries for her, but also the power that Mama radiates over the whole family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mama's virtues are reflected, not only through other people's reactions or her own actions towards others, but by the author's own opinion as well: "Her face is full of strength. She has, we can see, wit and faith of a kind that keeps her eyes lit and full of interest and expectancy...Her bearing is perhaps most like the noble Hereros of Southwest Africa-. (Hansberry 39) The author personally involves her feelings into her work, as it is a representation of her own life and almost autobiographical. For that reason, the stage directions are so much more than that. They not only portray the physical aspect of the setting and characters, but go deep into the heart and soul of the people represented by the characters. They are much more personalized. They do not give the beholder the opportunity to form an opinion, but more, they imply what the reader's reaction should be.

Artillery Ww1

On Sunday, June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, an 18-year-old Serbian named Gavrilo Princip, shot and killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Duchess Sophie while they were driving in a convertible. Princip belonged to a secret terror society, called the Black Hand, that wanted to unite Bosnia with Serbia, and rid itself of Austrian rule. The assassination led to the first World War. This terrible conflict lasted over 4 years, involved over 30 nations, and claimed more than 20,000,000 lives, both military and civilian.It cost billions of dollars, destroyed Europe, and crumbled empires. The biggest cause of death in the war was artillery fire, which accounted for 60% of all deaths on the western front. In the rocky landscape of the desert (where artillery was more effective) they caused almost 75% of all deaths. The Battle of Verdun started on the 21st of February, 1916. In the battle, artillery was used to barrage the enemy lines and force retreat. The Germans were armed with FK16’s (77 mm field artillery) and Morser 10’s (210 mm heavy howitzer’s).While the French retaliated with canon de 75 M1897’s (75 mm field artillery), canon de 155 C M1915 (155 mm field howitzer), and Mortier de 280 M1914 Schneider’s (280 mm siege howitzer). The battle of Verdun was the longest of the entire war and stole countless lives on both sides. The Germans lost 100,000 soldiers, while the French buried close to 165,000 brave men after the battle had come to a close. In total, the battle produced 714,231 casualties. The picture above was taken on February 21,1916, in Verdun, France during the first engagement of the battle.The French had just received a German bombardment to their front most trench. Soon after this picture was taken, the French were forced to retreat, for the Germans had superior man power and artillery count. In the picture, a man sits next to a place where an Artillery shell has detonated inside the trench killing many sol diers. When a shell hits it is unanticipated; a blur of mud and metal. A shell can be anywhere between the size of a man’s arm to his entire body. Imagine that dropping out of the sky loaded with tons of explosives. The scariest thing about them was they could hit anywhere at anytime.This picture is meant to show the brutality of artillery warfare. The angle of the man lying in the mud is depicted gruesomely, and the look on the soldier’s face behind him begs the question â€Å"Why am I here? † Pictures just like this were taken throughout the war and clearly show how much blood was spilled and how many young brave souls were lost. The Battle of Verdun ended with no clear victor on December 13, 1916. The German general said his goal was to â€Å"bleed the French army white. † Indeed he did, but not before suffering 435,000 casualties. A picture is worth a thousand words, but was this conflict worth millions of lives?

Branches of Psychology Essay

Abnormal psychology is the area that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior. 2. Behavioral Psychology (Behaviorism) )Is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. 3. Biopsychology It is focused on the study of how the brain influences behavior is often known as biopsychology. 4. Cognitive Psychology Focuses on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision-making, thinking and attention. 5. Comparative Psychology Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior. 6. Cross-Cultural Psychology Branch of psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior. 7. Developmental PsychologyThis branch of psychology looks at development throughout the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood. 8. Educational PsychologyBranch of psychology concerned with schools, teaching psychology, educational issues and student concerns. 9. Experimental PsychologyBranch of psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research the brain and behavior. 10. Forensic PsychologyForensic psychology is a specialty area that deals with issues related to psychology and the law 11. Health PsychologyIt is focused on how biology, psychology, behavior and social factors influence health and illness. 12. Personality PsychologyIt is focused on the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that make a person unique. 13. Social PsychologySocial psychology seeks to explain and understand social behavior and looks at diverse topics. 4. Sports psychology Is a interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from the fields of Kinesiology (human kinetic) and Psychology. Mathematical psychology   Is an approach to  psychological  research that is based on mathematical modeling(mathematical concept and language) 16. Clinical psychology Clinical psychology also promotes adoption, adjustment and personal development. 17. Evolutionary psychology This looks at how human behavior has been affected by psychological adjustments during evolution. 8. NeuropsychologyStudy the structure and function of the brain in relation to clear behaviors and psychological processes. 19. Occupational psychology Study the performance of people at work. 20. Integral psychology  Branch of psychology that presents an all-encompassing holistic rather than an exclusivist or reductive approach 21. International  or  global psychology Is an emerging branch of  psychology  that focuses on the worldwide enterprise of psychology in terms of communication and networking. 22. Legal psychologyBranch of psychology  involves  empirical,  psychological  research of the law, legal institutions, and people who come into contact with the law. 23. Media psychology Seeks an understanding of how people perceive, interpret, use, and respond to a media-rich world. 24. Systems psychology Branch of both  theoretical psychology  and  applied psychology  that studies  human behaviour  and  experiencein  complex systems. 25. Theoretical psychology  It is concerned with theoretical and philosophical aspects of the discipline of  psychology.

Music Therapy Essay

Music therapy is the use of music by health care professionals to promote healing and enhance quality of life for their patients. Music therapy may be used to encourage emotional expression, promote social interaction, relieve symptoms, and for other purposes. Music therapists may use active or passive methods with patients, depending on the individual patient’s needs and abilities. The idea of music as a healing influence which could affect health and behavior is as least as old as the writings of Aristotle and Plato. Native Americans and other indigenous groups have used music to enhance traditional healing practices for centuries. Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have used music for healing. Traditional ragas (â€Å"melodic modes† used in classical music in India) have also been used to create different states of mind for healing. The 20th century profession formally began after World War I and World War II when community musicians of all types, both amateur and professional, went to Veterans hospitals around the country to play for the thousands of veterans suffering both physical and emotional trauma from the wars. The patients’ notable physical and emotional responses to music led the doctors and nurses to request the hiring of musicians by the hospitals. It was soon evident that the hospital musicians needed some prior training before entering the facility and so the demand grew for a college curriculum. A very brief historical glimpse of this fascinating profession follows, below. The earliest known reference to music therapy appeared in 1789 in an unsigned article in Columbian Magazine titled â€Å"Music Physically Considered.† In the early 1800s, writings on the therapeutic value of music appeared in two medical dissertations, the first published by Edwin Atlee (1804) and the second by Sam uel Mathews (1806). Atlee and Mathews were both students of Dr. Benjamin Rush, a physician and psychiatrist who was a strong proponent of using music to treat medical diseases. The 1800s also saw the first recorded music therapy intervention in an institutional setting (Blackwell’s Island in New York) as well as the first recorded systematic experiment in music therapy (Corning’s use of music to alter dream states during psychotherapy). Early associations with the interest in music therapy continued to gain support during the early 1900s leading to the formation of several  short-lived associations. In 1903, Eva Augusta Vescelius founded the National Society of Musical Therapeutics. In 1926, Isa Maud Ilsen founded the National Association for Music in Hospitals. And in 1941, Harriet Ayer Seymour founded the National Foundation of Music Therapy. Although these organizations contributed the first journals, books, and educational courses on music therapy, they unfortunately were not able to develop an organized clinical profession. In the 1940s, three persons began to emerge as innovators and key players in the development of music therapy as an organized clinical profession. Psychiatrist and music therapist Ira Altshuler, MD promoted music therapy in Michigan for three decades. Willem van de Wall pioneered the use of music therapy in state-funded facilities and wrote the first â€Å"how to† music therapy text, Music in Institutions (1936). E. Thayer Gaston, known as the â€Å"father of music therapy,† was instrumental in moving the profession forward in terms of an organizational and educational standpoint. The first music therapy college training programs were also created in the 1940s. Michigan State University established the first academic program in music therapy (1944) and other universities followed suit, including the University of Kansas, Chicago Musical College, College of the Pacific, and Alverno College. I was going to pick a few of these and talk about them but, all in all, music therapy helps so many people that I will talk about the overall outcome of what music therapy does for everyone I have listed: Children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly with mental health needs, developmental and learning disabilities, Alzheimer’s disease and other aging related conditions, substance abuse problems, brain injuries, physical disabilities, and acute and chronic pain, including mothers in labor, plus soldiers with PTSD. Scientific studies have shown the value of music therapy on the body, mind, and spirit of children and adults. Researchers have found that music therapy, when used with anti-nausea drugs for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy, can help ease nausea and vomiting. A number of clinical trials have shown the benefit of music therapy for short-term pain, including pain from cancer. Some studies have suggested that music may help decrease the overall intensity of the patient’s experience of pain when used with pain-relieving drugs. Music therapy can also result in decreased need for pain medicine in some patients, although studies on this topic have shown  mixed results. In hospice patients, one study found that music therapy improved comfort, relaxation, and pain control. Another study found that quality of life improved in cancer patients who received music therapy, even as it declined in those who did not. No differences were seen in survival between the 2 groups. A more recent clinical trial looked at the effects of music during the course of several weeks of radiation treatments. The researchers found that while emotional distress (such as anxiety) seemed to be helped at the beginning of treatment, the patients reported that this effect gradually decreased. Music did not appear to help such symptoms as pain, fatigue, and depression over the long term. Other clinical trials have revealed a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, insomnia, depression, and anxiety with music therapy. No one knows all the ways music can benefit the body, but studies have shown that music can affect brain waves, brain circulation, and stress hormones. These effects are usually seen during and shortly after the music therapy. Studies have shown that students who take music lessons have improved IQ levels, and show improvement in nonmusical abilities as well. Other studies have shown that listening to music composed by Mozart produces a short-term improvement in tasks that use spatial abilities. Studies of brain circulation have shown that people listening to Mozart have more activity in certain areas of the brain. This has been called the â€Å"Mozart effect.† Although the reasons for this effect are not completely clear, this kind of information supports the idea that music can be used in many helpful ways. Music affects people in ways that no other art or therapy can match; it distracts the mind, slows the body’s rhythms, alters moods, and influences behavior. It seems that music holds universal appeal and provides a bridge in a non-threatening setting between people and individuals within their environment. It facilitates relationships, learning, self-expression and communication. Music captures and helps maintain attention, it is highly-motivating and can be used as a natural â€Å"fortifier† for desired responses. Music therapy can enable people without verbal communication to communicate, participate and express themselves nonverbally. It also ass ists in the development of verbal communication, speech, and language skills. Music provides concrete, multi-layer/sensory stimulation, in visual, tactile, vestibular, and auditory. Researchers have shown that the power of rhythmic drumming helps  those with motor control illnesses, such as Parkinson’s disease. In that it uses regular tempo and rhythms to overcome their fast, slow and sometimes frozen moments. Using music in labor and delivery, helps the mother with improved abilities to walk and decreased pain in labor. In children fighting cancer exposed to singing showed an increase of the antibody IgA – a key component in stimulating immune system that helps the body fight the disease. For those with profound cognitive impairments, autism, and mental and physical disabilities, their brains respond more easily to music therapy than to speech. When in tachycardia, cardiac patients were able to reduce their heart rates to 50-60 beats per minute when listening to music that was exactly 50-60 beats a minute. Mentally handicapped children participating in music therapy programs has increased concentration, performance, self-control, and improved speech. For chronic pain patients, bringing into resonance the vibrations of pain with the vibrations of music alters the psychological perception of pain – even altering the pain or eliminating it. Increasing brainwaves has proven effective for people with ADHD and ADD, and various other learning disabilities. Slowing down the brainwaves has shown to help patients get to sleep, relax, find passion and happiness. The ability of music to change our mood seems to be related to the production of different chemicals in the brain. Endorphins triggered by music listening and music-making provide a kind of natural pain relief, where dopamine leads to feelings of buoyancy, optimism, energy and power. Impacts are even more potent for group music-making, because shared, positive experiences also release oxytocin, a brain tool for building trust. In this way, musical relationships develop encouraging non-verbal and emotional expression and building self-esteem, motivation and confidence. Symposium organizer Gabe Turow, a visiting scholar at the time in Stanford’s Department of Music, compared the effects of music therapy to taking medication. â€Å"We may be sitting on one of the most widely available and cost effective therapeutic modalities that has ever existed†, he also stated â€Å"Systematically, this could be like taking a pill. Listening to music seems to be able to change brain functioning to the same extent as medications, in many circumstances.†

The Different accents across the UK Literature review

The Different accents across the UK - Literature review Example (Nikunen, 2011) says that The English language has more than one dialect, dialects affect the way pronunciation happens and is therefore a ground for accentuation. The United Kingdom has the most variety of English accents. Some of the accents of the English language include the received accent. The received accent has been popular in the United Kingdom since the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The characteristics of this accent are evident in common omission of the letter ‘r’ after vowels in words like father. The word is pronounced as fuhthuh while normally in the American dialects the ‘r’ is emphasized so that father is pronounced as fatherrrr. Another feature involves the trap a bath, it is evident when words like can’t are pronounced with a quick almost posed –a-. The received accent is clearly distinguishable from American and Irish accents and is especially taken for the Standard English of the people From the United Kingdom. The rece ived accent is also popular as the Queen’s English or BBC English. Moore (Nikunen, 2011). Other accents include: the southeast British accent this accent relates to American accents. It developed from London English and has spread to other regions like East Anglia and Southeast England. The northern England accents include the Midlands English that includes accentuation common in Manchester and Liverpool, the inner regions of Yorkshire and Leeds. Its features includes lengthened syllables where vowels in words as ride and play are persistent so that they are pronounced as raaaid, ra:id, and plie. The Geordie accent is popular in the northeast of the United Kingdom. It also describes a group of people and is distinct among the regions in the northern east of England. It is characterized by the presence of /au/ which makes words like gout sound like ‘goot’. It also involves the /ai/ which is heard when kite is pronounced as ‘kate.’ The kate pronunciati on renders the accent an American relation (Subedi, 2008). The Welsh accent involves pronunciation by people who especially originate from the Wales (Bishop, 2005). It is characterized by a certain musicality that stresses on all syllables of a word. The Received accent is a tapered version of the Welsh accent. The accent has remained very popular over modern times along with others like the Scottish English. The Scottish accent has a lot of /ei/ and /ou/ and is heard in the pronunciation of words goat which sounds like go:t or got while face is sounds as feis. Scottish English has been influenced by the Scots language even though the two are different languages all in all (Bishop, 2005). Cockney is another popular accent among the UK English variety of accents and is used in London. It is probably the most popular accent after the Received accent. It is however camouflaged amongst other English accents in the regions around that it is not easy to tell apart from the received accent . It is notable from pronunciation of words like cat, which sounds as ‘cet’. This is because the vowels are especially raised. Another feature in vowels include a shift so that words like day sound like die and words like better are pronounced as ‘be’uh’ from glottal involvement during pronunciation. A unique feature of the Cockney

ECA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

ECA - Essay Example Second, she is not entitled to tax credits because she has no child. A mother with a child is entitled to tax credit even if she is working part time. 1.3 The total tax credit would increase because the working tax grows as their income dropped. Even if Magdi is working less than 30 hours per week, he is entitled to working tax credit because his father needs care. 1.4 a. Option A will bring more income into the household because the loss of income will be recovered. Furthermore, caring for his father can be done by Sara. The household will still be entitled to a working tax credit thus increasing the source of income which would include the attendance allowance given for the father that is tax free. Also, when Magdi works until the age of 65, he will not incur losses in his pension. b. Option B might bring new source of income for the household because the Magdi would be entitled to Carer’s Allowance. The Carer’s allowance can be paid to both Magdi and Sara. Carer’s allowance is designed to replace earnings that are lost through being a full-time care giver. 2.1 a. Their insurance payout does not match the full amount of their income loss because of state benefits will produce only a well below average income, thus the payout is insufficient to sustain an existing standard of living. Also, the payout is subject to inflation rates. When insurance is a level type the value of the payout income is lesser because it is affected by the inflation rate during such pay out. 2.2 a. Asymmetric information is a situation where one party knows something that another party does not. It is used to refer to information on insurance. Insurers have the information about probabilities of adverse events occurring and base their pricing decisions on those probabilities which they have worked out from their years of claims experience. Individuals, on the other

Are leaders born successful or can they be trained Essay

Are leaders born successful or can they be trained - Essay Example However, to achieve such goals they must have broader skills and trait sets that allow them to think and act globally. Such traits are charisma, creativity, flexibility, achievement drive, motivation, honesty, integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability and emotional stability (Elliot, 1994). Nevertheless, there is an issue that always arises when we are trying to understand the nature of the leaders. Are such skills and traits inherited or any of us can be trained to become a leader? Are leaders born? This controversial issue has been an object of study for centuries. There are many theories that suggest that to become an authentic leader, one has to be born with a distinct set of personal characteristics. Such as ‘The great man theory of leadership’ that became very popular since the 19th century. Many historians and scientists examined this theory. â€Å"Effective leaders are those gifted with divine inspiration and the right characteristics.† This theory is based on the study of people who were already world’s legendary leaders such us Abraham Lincoln, Julius Caesar, Mahatma Gandhi, and Alexander the Great (Bass, 1990). The conception of Traits Theory of Leadership also suggests that leaders are given special qualities that separate them from their followers. The leadership is defined in terms of traits of personality and character. To be even more precise, (Bird 1940) compiled a list of seventy-nine such attributes, from twenty psychological oriented studies (Bass, 1990). People declared as leaders, or sometimes even as heroes, presented features like superior intelligence, physical strength, moral force, charisma, self-confidence and an unbelievable desire to succeed. Those divine virtues given to them, enabled born leaders to stand out from the masses and achieve great things, regardless of setting or situation (Bass, 1990). Many scientists also consider the phenomena of leadership as the set of the right qualities or persona lity that are innate. The ability to lead is directly linked to one's personality. Moreower, there is a special brain chemistry between leaders and followers. The high levels of serotonin appear to promote leadership (Cawthon, 2006). Numerous contemporary studies have revealed that genes affect a variety of leadership abilities. The innate qualities influence your attitude toward leadership, your willingness to take leadership role and even what kind of leader a person might become. Some portion of your attitude toward leadership is hidden in your DNA. Through many studies, we know that genetics accounts for about 40 percent of the difference between people in what they think of leadership. The same genetic predispositions that accounted for our ancestors’ interest to heading up the hunting party or running the clan, it seems, the same happens today, affecting our lives in modern organizations (Shane, 2010). Professor Scott Shane (2010, pp.122-123) also suggests that the DNA influences whether you move up in your company or not. Because people tend to engage in behaviors that they are good at, those with the genes that predispose them to develop leadership potential are more likely to move toward leadership roles. Genes influence whether you become a leader through your personality traits, social

Affluent Society 1950 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Affluent Society 1950 - Term Paper Example During the World War, Roosevelt declared Detroit as Arsenal of Democracy. Most of the American males were involved in War and women were also called to develop weapons in Arsenal of democracy. Subsequently, unemployed had already dropped suddenly. On the other hand, America fortunately did not lose much of its assets during war. As the World War ended American businessman saw an open world to market it out whatever goods they could make. Rest of the world was somehow under deep requirements to overcome from damages that had hurt international economy quite badly. As DeGrasse (1981) puts factually: Before the World War, United States was mired in the great depression. Unemployment which had been as high as 24.9 in 1933 still averaged 14.6 in 1944. During the World War unemployment dropped rapidly. In 1942 it averaged 4.7 and in 1944 it reaches wartime 1.2. As a result, a number of populations had got various jobs in overwhelming economy that created a booming middle class. Earlier thi s boom could not be recognized so clearly. However, as American Business expanded through the world, this class continued to spread. Further, it became the base of future economic and marketing development of American society which helped America to soon reach at the status of an economic superpower.